Why isn't packages installed in my multi-stage Docker build using pip?

I'm working on a Python project with a multi-stage Docker build and running into an issue where pydantic (just example) isn't installed, even though pip is present and working in the final image.

Here's my project structure:

project-root/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── vector_db_service/
│   ├── app/
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   ├── pyproject.toml
│   ├── .env

docker-compose.yml:

services:
  vector_db_service:
    container_name: vector_db_service
    build:
      context: ./vector_db_service
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    command: tail -f /dev/null
    env_file:
      - ./vector_db_service/.env

Dockerfile:

# Build stage
FROM python:3.13-slim AS compile-image

RUN python -m venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"

RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip

# Final image
FROM python:3.13-slim

COPY --from=compile-image /opt/venv /opt/venv

WORKDIR /app
ENV HOME=/app
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"

RUN addgroup --system app && adduser --system --group app

COPY . .

RUN chown -R app:app $HOME
RUN chown -R app:app "/opt/venv/"

USER app

RUN pip install -e pydantic

The last line, RUN pip install -e pydantic, doesn't install anything. The build finishes successfully, but the package isn’t installed. I confirmed that pip is installed in the final image.

I’ve tried other variations like RUN pip install pydantic or RUN pip install -e ., but they didn't change the outcome.

My pyproject.toml does list pydantic as a dependency. Do I need to install from the project root, or am I missing something in the build process?

Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance!

Answer

Try to copy project files which you need to
install

FROM python:3.13-slim AS compile-image
RUN python -m venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
WORKDIR /app
COPY pyproject.toml ./
COPY vector_db_service ./vector_db_service
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir .
FROM python:3.13-slim
COPY --from=compile-image /opt/venv /opt/venv
WORKDIR /app
ENV HOME=/app
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
RUN addgroup --system app && adduser --system --group app
COPY . .
RUN chown -R app:app $HOME
RUN chown -R app:app "/opt/venv/"
USER app